Chapter 11 : Lessons Learned

Pgs. 223-242
Ruqayya El-Asmar

Summary
In this chapter, Ravitch highlights some of the problems surrounding school reform efforts and how they can be improved. She believes that a well conceived curriculum, appropriate assessments, and well-educated teachers are essential for an effective learning environment. She argues that a national curriculum would stop schools from focusing on math and reading, and give students more than just the basic skills they need to pass assessment exams. Measurements and assessments make schools very data driven and make the value only what can be quantified. These assessments should reflect the curriculum, and go beyond testing basic skills in multiple choice exams.

Notes
  • There has always been an effort to improve schools- debate about what should be improved, how it should be improved, and what is meant be ‘improvement’
  • Education is key in developing human capital
    • Effects the economy as well as civic and cultural life
  • Policies in place today make schools less effective and degrade intellectual capacity
  • International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
    • Organization that studies school performance
  • “Strong curriculum, experienced teachers, effective instruction, willing students, adequate resources, and a community that values education” are all essential for a successful education system
  • Policies and reforms should be controlled by teachers and educators, not legislature and congress
  • Schools cannot focus only on math and reading
  • They should not value only what tests measure
    • Not everything can be quantified
    • “Data-driven”
  • Should not use tests to determine the fate of students, teachers, principals, administrators, schools
    • Pressure to raise scores
  • Stop the closing of neighborhood schools
    • Anchors of the community
  • Charter schools siphon away the motivated students and their families
    • These schools should not compete -> Collaborate with public schools
  • Principals should be experienced educators

  • No one answer to education improvement
    • Important to make goals that are worth striving for
    • Beyond the measure of basic skills
  • Curriculum – provides direction without interfering with how to teach
    • A roadmap
  • A lack of curriculum leads to the teaching of basic skills
  • National curriculum
    • Nonfederal and voluntary
  • A reading list for each grade
  • Cultural heritage
  • Teach, read, reflect on, debate timeless issues
  • Teach basic math skills as well as critical thinking and problem solving
  • More resources for science classrooms
    • Separate religion from science in the classroom- evolution
  • History textbooks are not effective
    • Debates, controversies, primary documents, documentaries…
  • Resources for arts education
  • Measures should reflect the curriculum
  • Research papers in history, essays in literature, research projects in science, demonstrations in math, conversations in foreign language, performance in arts
  • Do not use results to identify schools that should be closed. Which schools need help?
  • In addition to well conceived curriculums, appropriate assessments, and well-education and effective teacher – community and family has an impact
    • Implant attitudes and values about learning
  • Need involved families
  • In schools- enforce standards of civility and respect that are necessary for an effective learning environment

Reactions
In the last chapter of the book, Ravitch goes back to her original beliefs that curriculum and instruction will have the most impact on improving schools. Although she was attracted by the ideas of choice and accountability, seeing them implemented in schools made her realize the many consequences that are not accounted for. Although she realizes that there is no one answer to school improvement, she argues that the policies that we have now make schools less effective and degrade intellectual capacity, and that we are not on the right path to improve schools.